Preference utilitarianism

 ( Utilitarianism ) 

Preference utilitarianism (also known as preferentialism) is a form of utilitarianism in contemporary philosophy.Peter Singer, Practical Ethics, 2011, p. 14 Unlike value monist forms of utilitarianism, preferentialism values actions that fulfill the most personal interests for the entire circle of people affected by said action.

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Description Unlike classical utilitarianism, in which right actions are defined as those that maximize pleasure and minimize pain, preference utilitarianism entails promoting actions that fulfil the interests (i.e., preferences) of those beings involved.Peter Singer, Practical Ethics, 2011, p. 13 Here beings might be rational agent, that is to say, that their interests have been carefully selected and they have not made some kind of error. However, 'beings' can also be extended to all sentient beings, even those who lack the capacity to contemplate long-term interests and consequences.

Susan F. Krantz (2002). 9780275970833, Greenwood Publishing Group. . ISBN 9780275970833

Since what is good and right depends solely on individual preferences, there can be nothing that is in itself good or bad: for preference utilitarians, the source of both morality and ethics in general is subjective preference. Preference utilitarianism therefore can be distinguished by its acknowledgement that every person's experience of satisfaction is unique.

The theory, as outlined by R. M. Hare in 1981,

Richard Mervyn Hare (1981). 9780198246596, Clarendon Press.. . ISBN 9780198246596

is controversial, insofar as it presupposes some basis by which a conflict between A's preferences and B's preferences can be resolved (for example, by weighting them mathematically).

(2025). 9789048125920, Springer. . ISBN 9789048125920

In a similar vein, Peter Singer, for much of his career a major proponent of preference utilitarianism and himself influenced by the views of Hare, has been criticised for giving priority to the views of beings capable of holding preferences (being able actively to contemplate the future and its interaction with the present) over those solely concerned with their immediate situation, a group that includes animals and young children. There are, he writes in regard to killing in general, times when "the preference of the victim could sometimes be outweighed by the preferences of others". Singer does, however, still place a high value on the life of rational beings, since killing them does not infringe upon just one of their preferences, but "a wide range of the most central and significant preferences a being can have".

Peter Singer (1993). 9780521439718, Cambridge University Press. . ISBN 9780521439718

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See also

• Act utilitarianism
• Raymond Frey
• Rule utilitarianism
• Two-level utilitarianism

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External links

• Theories of Well-Being, in William MacAskill & Richard Yetter Chappell (2021), Introduction to Utilitarianism.

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